2P205 Dai Nan Tian

Harmful Compound: Carbon Monoxide

Made from: Carbon and Oxygen  

Symbol: CO

Chemical Bonding: Covalent bonding

Harmful Effects- Once carbon monoxide is inhaled, it will rapidly accumulate in the blood and deplete its ability to carry oxygen throughout the body. Depending on the amount of CO inhaled, the significant harmful effects caused by this gas can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning.

This is the amount that cause different effects

·         10% COHb - No symptoms. Heavy smokers can have as much as 9% COHb.

·         15% COHb - Mild headache.

·         25% COHb - Nausea and serious headache. Fairly quick recovery after treatment with oxygen and/or fresh air.

·         30% COHb - Symptoms intensify. Potential for long term effects especially in the case of infants, children, the elderly, victims of heart disease and pregnant women.

·         45% COHb - Unconsciousness

·         50+% COHb – Death

Constituent elements of Carbon Monoxide:

Carbon- with C as its symbol, is an element in the 2^nd Period and Group IV. It has 6 Protons, Neutrons and Electrons. There are three naturally occurring isotopes for Carbon, with C12 and C13 being stable, while C14 is radioactive. There are several allotropes, which is types of carbon of which the best known are graphite, diamond, and amorphous carbon. The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form. For example, diamond is highly transparent, while graphite is opaque and black. Diamond is among the hardest materials known, while graphite is soft enough to form a streak on paper. Diamond has a very low electrical conductivity, while graphite is a very good conductor. Under normal conditions, diamond has the highest thermal conductivity of all known materials. All the allotropic forms are solids under normal conditions but graphite is the most thermodynamically stable. Carbon is the fourth most abundant chemical element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Carbon is abundant in the Sun, stars, comets, and in the atmospheres of most planets.

Oxygen- is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gaseous chemical  element which appears in great abundance on Earth, trapped by  the atmosphere. It is a vital component of the respiration process; without oxygen,  most organisms will die  within minutes. A number of forms of oxygen  and oxygen compounds can be found in nature. Oxygen can also be isolated and sold in pure  form for an assortment of uses, and was first isolated and identified in 1774. The atomic number of oxygen is eight,  and it is identified by an O symbol   on the periodic table of elements.  In addition to being very widely distributed on Earth, oxygen is also the third most abundant  element in the universe, and  it is a key catalyst in many chemical reactions. Oxidation is one such reaction, and it occurs  when oxygen mixes  with other elements and compounds. Oxygen also plays a role in combustion. Formation It is formed when one carbon atom and one oxygen atom,  connected by a triple bond which consists of two covalent bonds as well as one dative covalent bond. It is the simplest  of carbon, and is an anhydride of formic acid. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl.

 The "Dot and Cross" diagram